The aim of this paper is to identify the current key challenges that UNHCR faces at the operational level in relation to household energy in refugee and IDP camps. It also discusses the lessons learned in the search for sustainable solutions. While the operational level at refugee and IDP camps is the focus of this report, UNHCR’s household energy policy is also explored. In IDP situations UNHCR´s household energy policy is discussed in the context of the inter-agency response.